Unvaporized e-liquid toxicity elevates CD44-dependent hyaluronan catabolic gene expression and triggers inflammation in human vocal fold fibroblasts.

Toxicol Rep · 2025 · PMC12613032 · PMID 41246187

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

A similar trend was observed at 48 h, with a decrease from 8.3 ± 0.9 units to 4.2 ± 0.5 units, although this difference did not reach statistical significance.

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