Human intestinal fungus Clavispora lusitaniae attenuates colitis through Pyruvate decarboxylase-derived Indole-3-ethanol.

A Welch’s two-sample t test of PC1 scores revealed that AHR activation showed a trend toward significance ( t = 2.68, p = 0.076), whereas no meaningful effects were observed for other pathways: AR (t = 0.48, p = 0.68), ER ( t = − 0.93, p = 0.43), and SP1 ( t = 0.37, p = 0.74) (Supplementary Fig. 4c ).

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lusitaniae were consistently enriched or showed a trend of enrichment in healthy controls across each dataset (Fig. 1d ), suggesting that these species may be potential markers of IBD-depleted gut fungi.

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