The Influence Mechanism of Extracurricular Activity Participation on the Perceived Improvement of Comprehensive Literacy Among Medical Students: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy.

Cureus · 2025 · PMC12616210 · PMID 41245933

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0500

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

Hypothesis H2 proposed that "General self-efficacy has a significant positive impact on comprehensive literacy perceived improvement." Path analysis showed that the path coefficient from general self-efficacy to comprehensive literacy perceived improvement was 0.532, with a critical ratio of 7.456, highly significant at the p < 0.001 level.

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did not reach statistical significancep > 0.05actually significant

The differences between other group pairs did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05).

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