Stress-Associated Changes in MiR-20b-3p as a Potential Predictor of Underlying Psychopathology in the Depressed Brain: Mechanistic Insights from a Rat Model of Chronic Restraint Stress.

Our sample size justification is supported by prior work [ 27 ], which identified 57 differentially expressed miRNAs in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of stressed rats, with several (e.g., miR-204-5p, miR-1298, miR-143-3p, miR-34c-5p) showing log2 fold changes of ≥ 1 and highly significant differences ( p < 0.0001) using only 7–8 animals per group.

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For the gene expression data, a 2 (group) × 8 (mRNA) repeated measures ANOVA with multivariate tests showed significant mean differences across mRNAs ( p = 0.0014) and a marginally significant group-by-mRNA interaction ( p = 0.0656).

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Notably, both NR3C1 and CRHR2 showed statistical significance, whereas TRKB and BDNF showed a trend toward significance but fell short of the threshold in an independent-samples t-test.

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These changes, however, did not reach statistical significance in an independent-samples t-test.

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