Sex-Specific Differences in Ultrasound-Derived Muscle Parameters and Their Associations with Strength and Physical Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

CSA: analysis of 1 male [ 49 ] and 3 female studies [ 34 , 49 , 52 ] demonstrated differential correlation patterns, with males showing weak positive correlations ( r = 0.10; 95% CI: −0.18–0.37; I 2 = 0.0%, p < 0.001) and females exhibiting moderate positive correlations ( r = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.17–0.45; I 2 = 0.0%, p = 0.550), though sex differences did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.179).

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