The impact of framing effects, competitive state, and time pressure on risk-taking decisions in tennis players of different skill levels.

Front Psychol · 2025 · PMC12624778 · PMID 41262388

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0752

closest p · 1.5× alpha

0.0752

boldest claim

The sentences

approached significancep = 0.0752so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Under the trailing condition with the positive frame, the difference in risk-taking percentages between proficient and expert athletes approached significance ( p = 0.0752), but novice athletes showed significantly lower risk-taking percentages than both expert ( p < 0.001) and proficient athletes ( p < 0.001).

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