Functional disability mediates the relationship between pain severity and quality of life in pregnant women with pregnancy-related low back pain: a moderated mediation analysis.

BPI exhibited strong partial mediation, with significant indirect effects through RMDQ ( B = -0.074, 95% CI [-0.130, -0.021]), accounting for 45.1% of the total effect, and through ODI ( B = -0.082, 95% CI [-0.134, -0.033]), accounting for 50.0% of the total effect, alongside marginally significant direct effects ( p = 0.044–0.051).

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Similarly, when ODI was the mediator, the indirect effect was significant ( B = −0.082, 95% CI [−0.134, −0.033]), and the direct effect was borderline significant ( B = −0.082, 95% CI [−0.164, 0.001], p = 0.051), indicating a potentially weak direct effect (Fig. 2 (d)).

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Although gestational weeks and gestational BMI each moderated the mediating effect, their interaction failed to reach statistical significance (Index = −0.002, 95% CI [−0.005, 0.000]), suggesting minimal double moderated mediation.

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