highly significantp < 0.01
Legend for significance levels: p < 0.001 – Highly significant, p < 0.01 – Very significant, p < 0.05 – Significant.
Legend for significance levels: p < 0.001 – Highly significant, p < 0.01 – Very significant, p < 0.05 – Significant.
Spearman rank-correlation analysis revealed the strongest positive association between spi C and bla CTX−M (ρ = +0.41), although this association did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.085).
Its high prevalence in the current study aligns with previous reports from Egypt and worldwide, indicating an increasing trend in its emergence as a major foodborne pathogen with enhanced resistance traits (Wang et al. 2023 ).