Butyrate suppresses mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease primarily through HDAC3 inhibition in monocytes and macrophages.

Quantification of MCT1, GPR109A, and HDAC3 levels in the epithelium and LP compartments of the colon mucosa, performed in a small cohort of HC and IBD patients ( n = 3 per group), revealed inter‐individual variability but showed a trend towards reduced MCT1 and increased GPR109A expression in the epithelium and LP of inflamed UC tissues, as well as increased HDAC3 levels in inflamed regions (Fig. 2B , bottom section).

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