Developmental pathway from child maltreatment to children's bullying: sex difference in the longitudinal dual-process model of self-esteem and depression.

Front Psychol · 2025 · PMC12634508 · PMID 41280161

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

—

closest p

—

boldest claim

The sentences

moderately significantno p-value reported

Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis Table 2 shows that the child emotional and physical maltreatment showed moderately significant negative correlations with self-esteem and moderately significant positive correlations with depression and bullying.

also in 2,174 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.