Vitamin D3 Improves Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function, Immunological Responses, and Gut Dysbiosis in Sleep Desynchrony.

Analysis of clock‐related gene expression revealed that the CSD group exhibited higher expression levels of Bmal‐1 and clock compared with the NS group; however, the increase in Bmal‐1 expression did not reach statistical significance (Figure 3D,E ), suggesting that sleep desynchrony upregulated these genes.

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