Exploring social determinants of health in the context of metabolic and circadian influences on new hip fracture risk: longitudinal insights from CHARLS.

In contrast, among participants without MetS, each one-unit increase in SDHs score was associated with a 9% reduction in hip fracture risk, though this association did not reach statistical significance in the fully adjusted model (HR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.81–1.03, P = 0.123; Table 3 ).

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