Association between maternal exposure to oil and gas extraction process with adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth · 2025 · PMC12645784 · PMID 41286689

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0720

closest p · 1.4× alpha

0.0720

boldest claim

The sentences

approached significanceP = 0.072so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

While Begg’s test did not indicate significant bias ( P = 0.392), Egger’s test approached significance ( P = 0.072), suggesting possible asymmetry.

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