How culturally wise psychological interventions can help reduce poverty.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2025 · PMC12646240 · PMID 41231945

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0750

closest p · 1.5× alpha

0.1690

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantP = 0.075so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

On the composite of relational measures, only the relational agency intervention produced marginally significant improvements compared to control (relational agency: β = 0.09, SE = 0.05, P = 0.075; personal agency: β = 0.05, SE = 0.05, P = 0.338).

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did not reach statistical significanceP = 0.169not close (p > 0.1)

While directionally positive, the effect of the personal agency intervention was 40% smaller in magnitude and did not reach statistical significance on the overall economic composite ( d = 0.07, SE = 0.05, P = 0.169), or on either subindex of food security or business engagement (see Fig. 5 for indices and SI Appendix, Table S5 for items within indices) [although the personal agency did reduce rates of severe food insecurity in particular ( β = −0.05, SE = 0.02, P = 0.025)].

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