Assessment of Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment Accounting for Genetic and Environmental Influences: An Italian Population-Based Twin Study.

For the other risk factors, a trend toward lower SAGE scores or odds ratios greater than 1 was observed among those subjects in the risk categories, although these associations did not reach statistical significance (e.g., high blood pressure: Beta = −0.52, OR = 1.5; Obesity: Beta = −0.24, OR = 1.14; Diabetes: Beta = −0.02, OR = 1.48).

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This aligns with evidence from a recent meta-analysis encompassing 35 studies, which identified insomnia (RR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.17–1.74), sleep-disordered breathing (RR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.07–1.39), and additional sleep-related disorders—including sleep fragmentation and sleep-related movement disorders (RR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.21–2.07)—as significant risk factors for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD); excessive daytime sleepiness demonstrated a marginally significant association with AD risk (RR = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.00–1.40) [ 22 ].

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