Joint variance analysis ( Table 3 ) showed that all traits exhibited significant ( p < 0.05) or highly significant ( p < 0.01) differences across environments, demonstrating that geographical environmental factors exerted substantial influences on the test cross population.
Among these, the three TBN-associated elite alleles showed a decreasing trend in GCA during the breeding process, Notably, in the early breeding stage, TBN was predominantly controlled by the C/C elite alleles during AGE1, and the A/A alleles of the HKW exhibited higher GCA.
For EL and ED, their GCA values showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with breeding progression.