Benchmarking ChatGPT and Other Large Language Models for Personalized Stage-Specific Dietary Recommendations in Chronic Kidney Disease.

J Clin Med · 2025 · PMC12653553 · PMID 41303069

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0476

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0618

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp < 0.0476actually significant

Differences in practicality were marginally significant when adjusting for ties (χ 2 = 6.091, df = 2, p < 0.0476), suggesting that Gemini may also have an advantage in this aspect.

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marginal significancep = 0.0476actually significant

Practicality showed marginal significance, with GPT-4 slightly outperforming Gemini ( p = 0.0476).

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.0618so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Although GPT-4 appeared to provide less personalized responses compared with Gemini, this difference did not reach statistical significance (z = −2.0416, p = 0.0618).

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