Correlations Between Rheology, In Situ Mucosal Retention and In Vivo Immunogenicity Reveal the Potential and Limitations of Mucoadhesive Excipients for Sublingual Vaccine Delivery.

Likewise, mucosal residence metrics—particularly oral retention—were negatively correlated with mucosal IgA levels, showing potent and statistically significant associations for oral IgA (r = −0.78, *** p < 0.001) and intestinal IgA (r = −0.55, * p < 0.05), with the exception of vaginal IgA, where the negative correlation was moderate (r = −0.33) and did not reach statistical significance.

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