Association of Prenatal Ozone Exposure with Fetal Growth and Birth Outcomes: Roles of Maternal Inflammation and Metabolic Dysregulation.

Toxics · 2025 · PMC12656322 · PMID 41304535

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0530

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0570

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.053so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The median prenatal O 3 exposure was slightly higher in the PTB group (109.17 μg/m 3 ) than in term births (108.60 μg/m 3 ), but this difference did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.053); no other variables differed significantly between groups.

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marginally significantp = 0.057so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

IL-17A was significantly negatively associated with LAZ (β = −0.28, 95% CI: −0.55~−0.01, p = 0.043) ( Figure 4 ), while IL-8 showed a marginally significant negative correlation with LAZ (β = −0.10, 95% CI: −0.19~−0.00, p = 0.057).

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marginal significanceno p-value reported

After further adjustment for environmental covariates in Model 3, CRP (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.03~1.90, p = 0.033) and SAA (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.01~1.86, p = 0.048) levels remained significant, while O 3 ( p = 0.125) and GDM ( p = 0.090) showed marginal significance.

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