Since cytokine levels were collected only in the acupuncture group, within-group LMM analysis with time as the fixed effect showed significant post-treatment decreases in IL-6 (− 1.0 pg/mL [− 1.6, − 0.4], p = 0.001), TNF-α (− 1.3 pg/mL [− 2.5, − 0.2], p = 0.026), and IL-1β (− 4.6 pg/mL [− 5.4, − 3.8], p < 0.001), while changes in CRP did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05, Table 1 ).
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Neuroinflammation-informed neuroimaging-transcriptomic signatures explaining acupuncture's therapeutic effects in chronic insomnia.
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