showed a trendp = 0.081
Excluding 90-day mortality, OS showed a trend toward improvement across surgical eras ( p = 0.081), increasing from 42.3 months (95% CI, 14.1–70.5) in 2000–2010 to 72.4 months (95% CI, 36.8–108.0) in 2011–2017, with the median not reached in 2018–2024 ( Fig. 2 B).