Efficacy and safety of European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved pharmacological, endoscopic, and surgical treatments in different classes of obesity: A network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials for the development of the SIO (Società Italiana Obesità) Italian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of overweight and obesity.

Diabetes Obes Metab · 2026 · PMC12673438 · PMID 41111360

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

31 , 33 , 40 , 148 Most therapies were associated with a significant reduction of both HbA1c and glucose, whereas the effects of semaglutide and tirzepatide did not reach statistical significance (Figures 23S and 24S , panel B).

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