Enhanced surgical management of complex anal fistulas <i>via</i> integrated traditional Chinese medicine: A retrospective cohort study.

Although these differences did not reach statistical significance (all P > 0.05), the optimized group consistently showed lower rates for other complications, such as wound infection (6.7% vs 13.3%), postoperative bleeding (3.3% vs 8.3%), urinary retention (5.0% vs 10.0%), other infections (1.7% vs 6.7%), psychological issues (3.3% vs 8.3%), and miscellaneous complications (1.7% vs 5.0%).

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