highly significantp < .001
In Model 1-A, log_MC is a highly significant predictor of R&D expenditure (β = 0.748; p < .001), reinforcing the substantial role of firm size in shaping innovation capacity.
In Model 1-A, log_MC is a highly significant predictor of R&D expenditure (β = 0.748; p < .001), reinforcing the substantial role of firm size in shaping innovation capacity.
The E score was a statistically significant predictor of CSR (β = 0.453; p = .003), while the S score approached significance (β = 0.282; p = .060).
Although the environmental score showed a modest positive coefficient, it fell short of significance ( p = .078).
Among the added predictors: The E score showed a positive but marginally non-significant association with R&D (β = 0.269; p = .078), suggesting a potential but inconclusive link.