near-significantp = 0.050
Additionally, a near-significant reduction in FC between FP-2 and VIS-1 ( F = 4.140, p = 0.050, uncorrected) indicated a trend toward diminished FP–visual network FC in PD-CD relative to PD-ND patients. 4 Discussion 4.1 Key findings and contributions In this study, we developed a multimodal ML model that integrated structural (gray matter volume, GMV) and functional (resting-state functional connectivity, FC) MRI data with minimal clinical parameters to distinguish PD patients with beginning cognitive deficits (PD-CD) from those with normal cognition (PD-ND).