Those that had previously received a biologic or small molecule were 4 times as likely to require an emergency colectomy, aHR 3.97 (95% CI 3.43–4.58) whereas those having received an immunomodulator were less likely though this failed to reach statistical significance on multivariate modelling, aHR 0.91 (95% CI 0.78–1.07) (Table 3 ). 3.3. 90‐Day Post‐Operative Mortality The overall 90‐day mortality rate following surgery was 2.75% (95% CI 2.17–3.49%).
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Temporal Trends in Medical and Surgical Management of Ulcerative Colitis in England: 2003-2020.
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