Polystyrene Micro- and Nanoplastic Exposure Triggers an Activation and Stress Response in Human Astrocytes.

Both 1 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL treatments led to a highly significant increase compared to untreated controls ( p < 0.0001) ( Figure 4 D).

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The 25 nm particles induced a milder increase in SOD2 expression, which did not reach statistical significance.

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