Invisible Pain, Visible Inequalities: Gender, Social Agency, and the Health of Women with Fibromyalgia.

Healthcare (Basel) · 2025 · PMC12692203 · PMID 41373360

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0470

closest p · 0.9× alpha

0.0750

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp = 0.047actually significant

A Mann–Whitney U test confirmed a marginally significant difference between groups (W = 16,190, p = 0.047).

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.075so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Descriptive and nonparametric analyses confirmed that higher satisfaction with social life was associated with better self-perceived mental health, although the effect size was small (Cohen’s d = −0.19, 95% CI [−0.42, 0.04]) and the Kruskal–Wallis test did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.075).

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