Longitudinal Study on the Progression of Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.

Every time point's t -test reveals highly significant differences (all p < 0.0001), suggesting that FBS levels alter significantly over the course of the follow-up.

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Other variables including creatinine, LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides (approaching significance, p = 0.0980), hypertension status, and age group did not achieve statistical significance.

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In Ethiopia, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus has shown an increasing trend, with recent national estimates ranging from 3.2% to 6.5%, particularly in urban areas with limited access to continuous care [ 2 , 16 ].

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While older age showed a nonsignificant trend toward higher FBS, this aligns with evidence of age-related declines in insulin sensitivity, which may require larger samples or stratified analysis to detect (e.g., Felege Hiwot and Debre Markos referral hospitals' study).

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