highly significantp < 0.0001
Statistical analysis supported these findings: two-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed a highly significant treatment effect (p < 0.0001), with Dunnett’s post hoc tests revealing intense erythema and edema responses only in the positive control (MD 1.48–3.83, p < 0.0001), while Novostron did not differ from the negative control at any observation point.