Strengthening exercises improve knee muscle strength and performance but not pain in ACL-reconstructed individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

J Exp Orthop · 2025 · PMC12709656 · PMID 41416241

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0.9000

closest p · 18.0× alpha

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.90not close (p > 0.1)

For quadriceps muscle strength, the Egger's test did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.90); however, the visual inspection of the funnel plot suggested a possible asymmetry, indicating a potential risk of publication bias (see Supporting Information: File 6 ).

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