Validation of fibroblast activation protein and α-smooth muscle actin as prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer through AI-assisted image analysis of dual-marker IHC.

J Pathol Clin Res · 2026 · PMC12712236 · PMID 41410015

Europe PMC DOI

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0.0770

closest p · 1.5× alpha

0.0770

boldest claim

The sentences

showed a trendp = 0.077so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In benign TMA regions, none of the biomarkers reached statistical significance, though stromal FAP showed a trend (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.98–1.57, p = 0.077; Table 2 ).

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a trend towards significanceno p-value reported

Additionally, there was a trend towards significance when FAP was analysed in tumour‐adjacent benign areas, where elevated expression of FAP has been shown in proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) and reactive fibrotic stroma [ 41 ].

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