Integrating a Large Language Model Into a Socially Assistive Robot in a Hospital Geriatric Unit: Two-Wave Comparative Study on Performance, Engagement, and User Perceptions.

JMIR Hum Factors · 2025 · PMC12712570 · PMID 41337745

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Emotional engagement showed a modest upward trend from wave 1 to wave 2, potentially reflecting more fluid exchanges with the LLM-enhanced system, but this change did not reach statistical significance.

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