The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy after total mesorectal excision without selective lateral lymph node dissection for locally advanced rectal cancer.

In the STELLAR trial, the 3-year OS rate in the TNT group was 86.5% (95% CI: 82.1–90.8%), compared to 75.1% (95% CI: 69.4–80.8%) in the chemoradiotherapy (CRT) group, showing no statistically significant difference (HR: 0.67, p = 0.33), yet a notable trend toward improved survival 17 .

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Subgroup analyses showed a trend toward worse 3-year RFS in patients with lower rectal tumors and higher stages; however, no statistically significant differences were observed.

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