Acute and chronic effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on swimming performance and cognitive function of elite swimmers.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC12714799 · PMID 41408102

Europe PMC DOI

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closest p · 1.8× alpha

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boldest claim

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approached significantp = 0.09so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Blood lactate ANCOVA results showed approached significant ( p = 0.09) group effects for the morning blood lactate, and significant group effects for the evening blood lactate (F1,16=6.29, p = 0.023, ES = 0.28) indicating higher values after 10 sessions of tDCS compared to the sham group, after adjusting for pre-intervention values.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

(c) RT decreased significantly across all three RT test modalities (visual and auditory), (d) the overall MT score showed significant improvement, although increases in the subscales (confidence, constancy, and control) did not reach statistical significance, (e) there were notable but statistically non-significant increases in estimated 1-RM.

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