Coffee consumption and risk of thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort and case control studies.

Thyroid Res · 2025 · PMC12715927 · PMID 41413541

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0630

closest p · 1.3× alpha

0.0630

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally non-significantp = 0.063so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In contrast, case-control studies showed a potential for publication bias, with Egger’s test reaching statistical significance ( p = 0.012), while Begg’s test was marginally non-significant ( p = 0.063).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Although this result did not reach statistical significance, it indicated a possible protective trend.

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