Temporal changes in tongue color during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: a prospective observational study using digital tongue diagnosis.

Oncol Rev · 2025 · PMC12722973 · PMID 41445868

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0540

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0620

boldest claim

The sentences

borderline significancep = 0.054so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

ΔCenterL also showed borderline significance for OS (HR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89–1.00; p = 0.054) ( Table 5 ).

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a trend toward significancep = 0.062so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

ΔBodyL showed a trend toward significance (HR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.86–1.00; p = 0.062). ΔCenterL also showed borderline significance for OS (HR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89–1.00; p = 0.054) ( Table 5 ).

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showed a trendp = 0.062so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In multivariate Cox analysis, lightness changes of the tongue body were significantly associated with PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–0.99; p = 0.019) and showed a trend for OS (HR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.86–1.00; p = 0.062).

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