Annealing-Free Gradient Doping Strategy to Build Amorphous Nb:TiO<sub>X</sub> Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

Small · 2025 · PMC12723345 · PMID 41195602

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a clear trendno p-value reported

A clear trend is observed: the proportion of O Nb‐O progressively increases from S‐NTO to G‐NTO.

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Annealing-Free Gradient Doping Strategy to Build Amorphous Nb:TiO&lt;sub&gt;X&lt;/sub&gt; Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

The sentences

Annealing-Free Gradient Doping Strategy to Build Amorphous Nb:TiO<sub>X</sub> Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.