Selective Mid-Wall Cardiac Dysfunction in Obesity: The Role of Muscle-to-Fat Balance.

Moreover, 3D LV radial strain showed a trend toward reduction in the obese group (36.1 ± 5.2% vs. 38.6 ± 4.1%, p = 0.043), though this does not survive correction for multiple comparisons and should be interpreted cautiously.

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The SMM-to-Fat ratio demonstrated a stronger association with circumferential strain ( r = −0.467, p = 0.008) than SMM% alone ( r = −0.414, p = 0.021) and remained an independent predictor in multivariable analysis ( β = −0.88, p = 0.019), whereas SMM% did not achieve significance ( p = 0.159).

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