Increasing Prevalence and Temporal Trend of Prematurity, São Paulo, Brazil, 2000-2023.

Analysis by annual percentage change (APC) identified four segments of interrupted trends for preterm live births, all with statistical significance: the 2000–2010 period showed an increasing trend (APC: 2.23; p = 0.0008); the 2010–2013 period demonstrated an accelerated growth (APC: 12.77; p = 0.0008); the 2013–2016 period showed a trend reversal with a decline (APC: −4.75; p = 0.0024); and the 2016–2023 period indicated a resumption of growth (APC: 1.78; p < 0.0001).

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In the preterm infant’s strata by sex, there were four trend segments with APC significantly different from zero at the alpha = 0.05 level: three segments (2000–2010, 2010–2013, and 2016–2023) with an increasing trend and one segment (2013–2016) with a decreasing trend.

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