The Dual Nature of Sinoatrial Node Remodelling in Athletes: A Systematic Review of Electrophysiological Adaptations and the Pathological Tipping Point.

Data across studies are contradictory: while one study in trained rats reported a decrease in Ryanodine Receptor Type 2 (RyR2) mRNA (with only marginally significant protein and functional changes) [ 8 ], investigations in mouse models found no significant alterations in the transcripts of key calcium-handling proteins such as RyR2, Sarcoplasmic/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase type 2a (SERCA2a), and phospholamban [ 8 ].

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