Urinary KIM-1 for Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury in Neonates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

In terms of study design (test of group difference, p = 0.95), cohort studies showed a statistically significant difference (Hedges’s g = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.02 to 1.23, p = 0.038, I 2 = 78.54%) [ 29 , 45 , 48 , 49 , 51 , 54 , 55 ], while case–control studies did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.128), as shown in Table 3 and Figure S2 [ 30 , 46 , 47 , 50 , 52 , 53 ].

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