Accuracy and reliability of radiological methods for assessing fusion rates in patients undergoing spinal arthrodesis and stabilization: a systematic review of the past 10 years.

Front Surg · 2025 · PMC12741057 · PMID 41459432

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a clear trendno p-value reported

The analysis reveals a clear trend toward the use of radiopaque materials (24.0% of studies), particularly when combined with interbody cages and bone grafts (45.1%).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.