Investigating the effects of formative assessment on EFL students' achievement and motivation: a Self-Determination Theory perspective.

Front Psychol · 2025 · PMC12741153 · PMID 41459287

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

When the first motivation domain (Autonomy 1, Relatedness 1, and Competence 1) was entered as covariates, the multivariate effect of group did not reach statistical significance, Pillai’s Trace is 0.093 (>0.05), partial η 2 = 0.075 (see Table 6 ).

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