Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and its constituents is related to self-reported visual impairment among middle-aged and older adults: a longitudinal study in China.

Consistent with the RCS results, tertile analysis demonstrated that participants in the highest tertile had significantly greater risks of VI for PM 2.5 (HR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.32) and SO 4 2– (HR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.05–1.44), whereas associations for NO 3 – , NH 4 + , OM, and BC were weaker and did not reach statistical significance (Table S6 in Supplementary Material).

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