Effect on dry matter quality of quinoa under different irrigation and nitrogen application treatments The analysis of variance results ( Table 2 ) revealed that both irrigation level and nitrogen application rate had highly exerted highly significant effects on dry matter accumulation in quinoa across all growth stages ( p < 0.01).
Under the same irrigation level, with the increase in nitrogen fertilizer dosage, water use efficiency as a whole showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, with the W 2 N 3 treatment having the highest water use efficiency, followed by the W 2 N 2 treatment.
With the increase in nitrogen fertilizer application, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen physiological utilization, and nitrogen harvest index showed a decreasing trend, indicating that nitrogen contributed to the increase of seed grain yield.