What comes first: Heart rate variability changes or insomnia? A causal investigation using Mendelian randomization.

Int J Clin Health Psychol · 2025 · PMC12765190 · PMID 41492523

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.2470

closest p · 4.9× alpha

0.2470

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.247not close (p > 0.1)

For RMSSD, the point estimate was directionally consistent but did not reach statistical significance (IVW OR = 1.268, 95 % CI = 0.848–1.896, p = 0.247).

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