However, it is worth mentioning that we detected a marginally significant result in the effect of smiling on volunteering intentions (Figure 3 ).
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Smiling across borders: Host culture members' reactions to happiness expressed by immigrants.
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The sentences
When comparing the two samples, the effect of smiling on perceptions of competence was statistically significant only in the case of the Pakistani expresser, whereas it was in the expected direction yet did not reach statistical significance in the case of the Moroccan expresser (Figure 2a ).