Melatonergic Regulation of Polyethism and Circadian Foraging in <i>Apis mellifera</i>.

Between-group differences were not significant at baseline ( p = 0.22) but became highly significant from 24 h onward: 24 h (44.4% vs. 24.0%, p = 0.012, effect size = −1.00), 48 h (63.6% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.012, effect size = −1.00), and 72 h (83.6% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.008, effect size = −1.00). 2.4.

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Despite the clear overall age-related trend, other pairwise comparisons did not reach statistical significance after multiple comparison correction, likely due to the conservative Bonferroni adjustment and the substantial within-group variation observed, particularly in older age groups. 2.5.

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