A TGFB2/TNF-induced in vitro model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) using ARPE-19 cells confirms nicotinamide as an inhibitor of EMT and VEGFA secretion.

PLoS One · 2026 · PMC12798965 · PMID 41529022

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

While slight elevations were also observed in the TGFB2 and TNF groups, these did not reach statistical significance when compared to the control.

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